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Study on the Gospel of John Chapter 13

Good4Joy

While chapters. 1-12 center on the rejection of Jesus by the nation, as (1:11) “He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him.”), chapters 13-17 center on those who did receive him, as (1:12) "But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God”. In chapter 13, Jesus showed an example of love by washing disciple’s feet and He gave - (34) a new commandment I give to you, that you love one another.

  • Chapters 13-17 is known as the upper room discourse.

Outline and Exposition

Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet (1-20)

(3) the Father had given all things: John again emphasizes the fulfillment of God’s plan and Jesus’ control of the situation.

was going back to God

  • (Jn 20:17) Jesus said to her, “Do not cling to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father; but go to my brothers and say to them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’”

(10) except for his feet: a man would bathe himself before going to feast. When he arrived, he only needed to wash his feet to be entirely clean again. It was so morally. They had been cleansed; their whole moral life had been changed, but they were liable to the corruption of every-day life through which they walked, and needed to be cleansed from the pollution of it.  The cleansing that Christ does at salvation never needs to be repeated - atonement is complete at the point. But all who have been cleansed by God’s gracious justification need constant washing in the experiential sense as they battle sin in the flesh. Believers are justified and granted imputed righteousness but still need sanctification and personal righteousness.

(11) For he knew: again John emphasizes Jesus’ command of the situation.

(13) Teacher and Lord: an instructor would normally be called “Teacher”, but “Lord” referred to one occupying the supreme place. Jesus accepted both titles.

(16) Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him.: Jesus said this also in 15:20;Mt 10:24; Lk 6:40; Lk 22:27

(18) who ate my bread (NIV) “He who shared my bread”, (NKJV) “He who eats bread with Me”: to eat bread together was a mark of close fellowship

  • (Ps 41:9) Even my close friend in whom I trusted, who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me.

His conduct is here compared to that of a vicious horse, which kicks his own master. 

(19) I am telling you this now: Jesus’ concern was for the disciples, not himself

I am he: an emphatic form of speech

  • (8:58) Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.”

Judas’ Betrayal and a New Commandment (21-38)

(21) Jesus was troubled in his spirit: (cf 11:33) though he knew of it long before it happened, Jesus was grieved by the betrayal of a friend.

(22) uncertain of whom he spoke: the disciples’ astonishment shows that Judas had concealed his contacts with the high priests. No one suspected him (v 28), but all seem to have thought that the betrayal would be involuntary.

  • (Mk 14:19) They began to be sorrowful and to say to him one after another, “Is it I?"

(23) whom Jesus loved: usually thought to be John, the author of this Gospel. The expression does not, of course, mean that Jesus did not love the others, but that there was a special bond with this man.

reclining: at a dinner, guests reclined on couches, leaning on the left elbow with the head toward the table

(27) do quickly: because (2) his hour had come

(33) just as I said to the Jews: 8:21

Topical

A New Commandment (Love)

One feature of the discourse is Jesus’ emphasis on love. The Greek noun agape (“love”) and the verb agapao (“love”) occur only eight times in chs. 1-12 but 31 times in chs. 13-17.

(15) For I have given you an example, that you also should do just as I have done to you.: Christ’s action here as providing an example of humble service. Washing someone’s feet - a menial task, normally performed by a servant. On this occasion there was no servant and no one else volunteered. Jesus’ action was during the meal, not upon arrival, done deliberately to emphasize a point. It was a lesson in humility, but it also se forth the principle of selfless service that was so soon to be exemplified in the cross. John alone tells of this incident, but Luke says that in rebuking the disciples over a quarrel concerning who would be the greatest, Jesus said, “I am among you as one who serves” (Lk 22:27). Jesus’ life of service would culminate on the cross.

  • (Php 2:5-8) Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, 6 who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.

Christians should love others and be willing to perform the most menial services for one another.

(34) A new commandment: in a sense it was an old one

  • (Lev 19:18) You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the sons of your own people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord.

But for Christ’s disciples it was new, because it was the mark of their special bond, created by Christ’s great love for them

  • (Mt 22:37, 39) And he said to him, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. 39 And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. 

as I have loved you: this is our standard, Christ’s love for us

love one another: “love” is the distinguishing mark of Christ’s followers

  • (1 Jn 3:23) And this is his commandment, that we believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ and love one another, just as he has commanded us.
  • (1 Jn 4:7-8) Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God, and whoever loves has been born of God and knows God. 8 Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.
  • (1 Jn 4:11-12) Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. 12 No one has ever seen God; if we love one another, God abides in us and his love is perfected in us.
  • (1 Jn 4:19-21) We love because he first loved us. 20 If anyone says, “I love God,” and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen. 21 And this commandment we have from him: whoever loves God must also love his brother.

"We love because he first loved us."

Peter vs. Judas

Peter:

(8) You shall never wash my feet.: Characteristically, Peter objected, though apparently no one else did. He was a mixture of humility (he did not want Jesus to perform this lowly service for hime) and pride (he tried to dictate to Jesus).

(Mt 16:21-23) From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised. 22 And Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, “Far be it from you, Lord! This shall never happen to you.” 23 But he turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a hindrance to me. For you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of man.”

(9) Lord, not my feet only but also my hands and my head!: Peter’s response was whole-hearted but he was still dictating to Jesus.

(36) “Lord, where are you going?”: Peter seems not paying attention the Lord’s words about “love” and was more concerned about his Master’s departure. In Jesus’ reply “you” is singular and thus personal to Peter, whereas in v.33 the word is plural.

(37) I will lay down my life for you.: words similar to those of the good shepherd as Jesus is.

  • (10:11) I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 

Peter was characteristically sure of life for Jesus. Exactly the opposite would be true. As Jesus prophesied, (38) you have denied me three times

However, later he would;

  • (21:18-19) Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were young, you used to dress yourself and walk wherever you wanted, but when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you and carry you where you do not want to go.” 19 (This he said to show by what kind of death he was to glorify God.)

Judas:

(2) the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas: this does not exonerate Judas, because his wicked heart desired exactly what the devil desired, the death of Jesus. The devil and Judas were in accord.

Jesus gave bread as a mark of honor, (26) he gave it to Judas, it also seems to have been a final appeal - which Judas did not accept.

(27) Satan entered into him.: Judas was personally possessed by Satan himself in his betrayal of Jesus.

(30) it was night: in light of John’s emphasis on the conflict between light and darkness, this may have been more than a time note - picturing also the darkness of Judas’ soul

  • (1:4) In him was life, and the life was the light of men.
  • (8:12) “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” 
  • (Isa 60:2) For behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and thick darkness the peoples; but the Lord will arise upon you, and his glory will be seen upon you.

And his end is,

  • (Mt 27:5) And throwing down the pieces of silver into the temple, he departed, and he went and hanged himself. 

Peter and Judas, both died young - one had faith and died with glorify of the Lord but another had no faith, used by Satan, and died with troubling the Lord’ soul.

Jesus’ Mission & Glory

(20) Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever receives the one I send receives me, and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me.”: Jesus’ mission is a common theme in this Gospel,

  • (4:34) Jesus said to them, “My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to accomplish his work.
  • (12:44) And Jesus cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me but in him who sent me.
  • (17:3-4) And this is eternal life, that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent. 4 I glorified you on earth, having accomplished the work that you gave me to do. 
  • (17:18) As you sent me into the world, so I have sent them into the world.

And now the mission of his followers is lined with it.

  • (20:21) Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, even so I am sending you.”

What is the purpose of the mission: (31) “Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in him.: here the idea of glory includes a reference to Jesus’ sacrificial death on the cross and the glorious salvation that would result. And the glory of the Father is closely bound to that of the Son.

References

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